tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-72999481957651637052024-03-05T16:07:28.736+11:00Proto-KnowledgeTurning disconnected information into knowledge through visualizationsAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.comBlogger564125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-11281131271726308902017-05-08T06:51:00.000+10:002017-05-08T06:54:05.445+10:00You got a degree in STEM and now what? - An overview of STEM career pathwaysA degree in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) can offer a gateway to many great careers.<br />
<br />
The poster below outlines possible career pathways for STEM graduates:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEize0moEYUKZ-UTLcxz54_NLmaB77EGtDmPUzT4GxDXLA-EtrD6kw1RlOjr9PArE-ySYNIOWzwU0e_qJ8wIHN1Bhqi9GN6AYyLMEZG5C-AmIEI53RNPSiCCjX1yj0JPGQ-Oeb-Z3l1hSEU/s1600/Ada-Lovelace-Day-STEM-Careers-Poster-721x1024.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEize0moEYUKZ-UTLcxz54_NLmaB77EGtDmPUzT4GxDXLA-EtrD6kw1RlOjr9PArE-ySYNIOWzwU0e_qJ8wIHN1Bhqi9GN6AYyLMEZG5C-AmIEI53RNPSiCCjX1yj0JPGQ-Oeb-Z3l1hSEU/s1600/Ada-Lovelace-Day-STEM-Careers-Poster-721x1024.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Download the poster as a high-resolution <a href="http://findingada.com/?ddownload=2094" target="_blank">PDF here. </a><br />
<br />
Source: <a href="http://findingada.com/resources/resources-for-schools/posters/">http://findingada.com/resources/resources-for-schools/posters/</a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-91741537861741727952017-03-14T06:34:00.001+11:002017-04-10T22:58:04.053+10:00Is mathematics invented or discovered? <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/X_xR5Kes4Rs" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-71260826229265528722017-02-13T10:17:00.001+11:002017-02-13T10:17:51.300+11:00Evidence of evolution that you can find on your body<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rFxu7NEoKC8" width="480"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-47492890476771833162016-12-08T19:55:00.001+11:002016-12-08T19:55:25.286+11:00Conduct biological experiments over the internet in the Biology Cloud LabThe Biology Cloud Lab that enables teachers and students to design and observe experiments involving single-celled organisms.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://news.stanford.edu/2016/12/07/stanford-researchers-say-school-kids-can-safe-simple-biological-experiments-internet/">Stanford researchers say school kids can do safe and simple biological experiments over the internet | Stanford News</a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-64100203480510344382016-11-29T19:47:00.001+11:002016-11-29T19:47:46.275+11:00An updated view of the theory of evolution http://www.sciencealert.com/the-world-s-top-biologists-have-met-to-discuss-whether-we-should-update-evolutionAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-15526081314865360482016-10-21T02:20:00.000+11:002016-10-21T02:20:22.073+11:00Improving academic publishing through hypothesis registration, open reviews, and open data<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQhxNZ5drX5op5eoZQ8O70sMESAENEjcJIL7e-Nb6gmA0j7s78Rtzm3do84f_GU_ku8rL8QnthD3AAdOAJr9PnLWd0ORUy28ZAG7sJWJl7ZgB9ggWebNskhGFvOmHY70qqk3lzyCI6G7g/s1600/Journals.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQhxNZ5drX5op5eoZQ8O70sMESAENEjcJIL7e-Nb6gmA0j7s78Rtzm3do84f_GU_ku8rL8QnthD3AAdOAJr9PnLWd0ORUy28ZAG7sJWJl7ZgB9ggWebNskhGFvOmHY70qqk3lzyCI6G7g/s320/Journals.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Academic journals<br />
[Source: http://www.wun.ac.uk/wun/research/view/world-class-universities]</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
There are three promising approaches for improve academic publishing:<br />
<br />
1) Hypothesis preregistration. Currently, many academic studies gather large datasets and then search for trends/patterns within that dataset, without first stating their hypotheses. Such a post-hoc analysis, also called 'fishing', can lead to a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_sharpshooter_fallacy?oldformat=true" target="_blank">Texas Sharpshooter falacy</a>, which often arises when researchers have a large amount of data at their disposal, but only focus on a small subset of that data. The fallacy is characterized by a lack of a specific hypothesis prior to the gathering of data, or the formulation of a hypothesis only after data have already been gathered and examined. The fallacy occurs when the same data is used to construct and test the same hypothesis (hypotheses suggested by the data).<br />
<br />
Suggested solution: Researchers <b>pre-register their hypothesis</b>, research designs, and analysis plans with a journal and publish them in advance, for example with the <a href="https://osf.io/" target="_blank">Open Science Foundation</a>. Such a pre-registration allows for stronger explanatory and confirmatory research. An example of a journal that already practices hypothesis registration is <a href="http://learningatscale.acm.org/las2017/call-for-papers/paper_submissions/" target="_blank">Learning at Scale</a>.<br />
<br />
2) Many academic publications only publish the summaries of their data. This does not allow other researcher to verify the data analysis or re-use the dataset for further studies.<br />
<br />
Suggested solution: <b>Open data</b> approaches allow researchers, whenever possible, feasible, and ethical, to make their dataset available for inspection and additional analysis. This also allows replication studies and an in-depth inspection by reviewers.<br />
<br />
3) Reviewers and editors of academic journals often spend a lot of time reviewing submitted manuscripts. The academic publishing process is considered a 'dialogue' between the authors, the editor, and the reviewers. However, this dialogue happens usually behind closed doors (masked reviews) and the often substantial amount of work by the reviewers does not receive any official recognition.<br />
<br />
Suggestion solution: <b>Open reviews</b> publish the peer review comments alongside the article. This gives the reviewers credit for their work and enables readers to judge for themselves how well the paper responded to the critique of peers. It could even be considered that reviewers and editors receive credit for the paper (similar to the credits in a movie that list all people who contributed in some form). Some journals even list reviewer reports with a separate DOI. Open review can also reveal the identity of authors and reviewers (rather than a single blind or double blind review). Open review could encourage a more authentic academic dialogue. Open reviews with a publication of peer review reports can contribute to greater transparency (see <a href="https://www.elsevier.com/reviewers-update/story/peer-review/elsevier-pilot-trials-publishing-peer-review-reports-as-articles" target="_blank">some examples here</a>).Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-79599463621504152362016-08-18T20:34:00.001+10:002016-08-18T20:34:20.962+10:00Examples of recent evolutionary changes in humans http://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/7-strange-and-surprising-ways-that-humans-have-recently-evolved/all/Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-33325030611394957772016-08-03T19:35:00.001+10:002016-08-03T19:37:00.076+10:00Advances in genetics class since your high school biology class<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLZZsmAYfvcGT4KWqkMR0ZvwSQvTcTc71WWEz2JqwYGrn2waIeuxtgpb1XR0dWnqWeDOM7qtGLYSCOM-Eo9EZOwJSNa6XEARPdf-XLSpPMYkDIKvJnMth1YeyP3g0WhIuC3l_C_ztqzJg/s1600/DNA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLZZsmAYfvcGT4KWqkMR0ZvwSQvTcTc71WWEz2JqwYGrn2waIeuxtgpb1XR0dWnqWeDOM7qtGLYSCOM-Eo9EZOwJSNa6XEARPdf-XLSpPMYkDIKvJnMth1YeyP3g0WhIuC3l_C_ztqzJg/s320/DNA.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 20px;">Over the past decades, the field of genetics rapidly developed, for example in the areas of </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 20px;">inherited diseases, cancer, personalized medicine, genetic counseling, the microbiome, diagnosis and discovery of viruses, taxonomy of species, genealogy, forensic science, epigenetics, junk DNA, gene therapy and gene editing.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Joel Eissenberg, Ph.D., associate dean for research and professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at Saint Louis University School of Medicine summarizes major advances in genetics since the 1960s:</span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<strong style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">When Did You Go to High School?</span></strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">If you took high school biology in the …</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><strong style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box;">1960s,</strong> you learned about the structure of the double helix and how sequences of DNA encode amino acids.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><strong style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box;">1970s,</strong> you may also have learned about cloning and the potential for recombinant DNA.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><strong style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box;">1980s,</strong> your class may have covered the clinical use of recombinant human insulin for diabetes treatment and the advent of GMO foods.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><strong style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box;">1990s,</strong> your class may have studied the molecular basis for human genetic disorders, like cystic fibrosis.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><strong style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box;">2000s,</strong> your teachers likely described how the human genome was being sequenced.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">You can find further information: <a href="http://www.slu.edu/news/2016/august/Eissenberg-genetics-essay.php" style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;" title="http://www.slu.edu/news/2016/august/Eissenberg-genetics-essay.php">http://www.slu.edu/news/2016/august/Eissenberg-genetics-essay.php</a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">---------------------</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160802172614.htm#.V6G5osn81jE.blogger">What’s changed in genetics since your high school biology class?</a>: The field of genetics has seen astonishing breakthroughs and the development of world-changing technologies in the past half century.</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-28880738517087756942016-07-12T01:52:00.002+10:002016-07-12T01:52:44.794+10:00REALTO - the learning platform for vocational education that integrates school and workplace experiencesREALTO is a web- and mobile based platform that allows users to capture, annotate, and share experiences made at the workplace and at school. The goal is to integrate different forms of experiences through reflection.<br />
<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_Efo0c3nwMk?rel=0" width="560"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-80063893650993835592016-05-23T19:24:00.000+10:002016-05-23T19:24:17.191+10:00Google releases digital notebook app for STEM education called 'Science Journal'<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkMTdl6bM8M6mo0W7f9omDC8n-_fDXUTZ9lvJGf5hblY_aaYuwATzGaIL3hAPHAUZrZcv2o2ZUMlmcTv5ZgI0w6dfsaJDQm21pWrz1_3j-UiAUslE_BLBebtS4eSmUXE_gsv881GoO_EQ/s1600/Google+Science+Journal.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkMTdl6bM8M6mo0W7f9omDC8n-_fDXUTZ9lvJGf5hblY_aaYuwATzGaIL3hAPHAUZrZcv2o2ZUMlmcTv5ZgI0w6dfsaJDQm21pWrz1_3j-UiAUslE_BLBebtS4eSmUXE_gsv881GoO_EQ/s320/Google+Science+Journal.webp" width="179" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Google 'Science Journal' app</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In collaboration with the Exploratorium, Google produced a free Android app, called <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.forscience.whistlepunk" target="_blank">Science Journal</a>, aimed at helping young students record and analyze scientific experiment results. With this app, students can record data from sensors on their Android phones (or connected via an Arduino), take notes, observe, interpret and predict.<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5-xMC-2Nn_c?rel=0" width="560"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-36503498036311630782016-03-01T04:13:00.001+11:002016-03-01T04:14:15.308+11:00Supercomputer Watson suggests new recipes for adventurous cooks<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-ue3ZOOPj6lHWleTuqC1BkRzIbJ-0aKOGgIBSdJZKriBbQK9HLFYjdgwGZ8DoW63ihkOaoXrGzH-qIHqB_B22iG64vhtiR77ZmbrsGdKLe5tsHr4Rz-3HfkXnjr0bo2HZ_I_2_LavOSI/s1600/Chef+Watson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-ue3ZOOPj6lHWleTuqC1BkRzIbJ-0aKOGgIBSdJZKriBbQK9HLFYjdgwGZ8DoW63ihkOaoXrGzH-qIHqB_B22iG64vhtiR77ZmbrsGdKLe5tsHr4Rz-3HfkXnjr0bo2HZ_I_2_LavOSI/s320/Chef+Watson.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Would you like discover new recipes? Created by a supercomputer? You can now ask Watson, IBM's supercomputer, to suggest an entirely new recipe for you that combines ingredients you might never have thought of putting together.<br />
<br />
"Chef Watson" is an experiment to test if Watson could create entirely new and surprising recipes and ingredient combinations. After reading thousands of recipes and learning about food pairing theories and the hundreds of thousands of complex relationships between flavor compounds, Chef Watson has helped shape the public perception of the potential for cognitive computing.<br />
<br />
You can <a href="https://www.ibmchefwatson.com/" target="_blank">try Chef Watson for free here </a>or as an smartphone app.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-23553947528126809272016-01-13T20:27:00.000+11:002016-01-13T20:27:12.185+11:00Celebrities with PhDs or MDs<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://capsandgownsdirect.com/doctoralpics/capsgownsdirect256.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" src="http://capsandgownsdirect.com/doctoralpics/capsgownsdirect256.jpg" height="320" width="208" /></span></a></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Which celebrity earned a Ph.D. or a M.D.? (The list below does not include undergraduate degrees, master degrees, or honorary doctor titles).</span><br />
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The heavyweight boxer, Vitali Klitschko, holds a Ph.D. from the Ukraine and his brother, another heavyweight boxer, Wladimir Klitschko, holds a Ph.D. from Kiev National University.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; line-height: 17px;">Brian May, Guitarist of Queen (Astronomy Ph.D.): He </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;">wrote his thesis on zodiacal dust clouds</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;">Greg Graffin</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"> (Singer, Bad Religion) has a PhD from Cornell University. The PhD dissertation was entitled</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: top;">Monism, Atheism and the Naturalist Worldview: Perspectives from Evolutionary Biology</em></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;">.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Dexter Holland (singer & guitarist: The Offspring) was a PhD candidate in Molecular and Cell Biology from the University of Southern California.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Dan Snaith (records as Caribou) has a Ph.D. in Mathematics</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;">Mayim Bialik (Blossom, Big Bang Theory) </span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;">has a Ph.D. in 2008 from U.C.L.A. in neurobiology. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;">She did her dissertation on Prader-Willi syndrome.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;">Milo Aukerman (Punk band "The Descendents") got a Ph.D. in biochemistry at the University of Wisconsin. Dissertation title: "</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: top;">Analysis of Opaque-2 Function in Maize".</em></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: top;"></em></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;">Miuccia Prada (Head of the Prada fashion house) has a P.D. in political science.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"></span>Condoleezza Rice has her PhD in political science from the Graduate School of International Studies at University of Denver, USA.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Gordon Brown has his PhD in history from the University of Edinburgh, UK.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Martin Luther King Junior received a PhD in systematic theology from Boston University, USA</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">General David Petraeus has a PhD from Princeton.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;">German chancellor Angela Merkel has a doctorate degree in physical chemistry.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;">Robert Vaughn (The man from U.N.C.L.E): </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;">Vaughn earned a Ph.D. in communications from the University of Southern California, in 1970. In 1972, he published his dissertation as the book, <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: top;">Only Victims: A Study of Show Business Blacklisting</em>.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;">The only president of the United States with a Doctorate was Woodrow Wilson, who received his in History and Poli Sci from Johns Hopkins in 1886.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"></span>Dan Grimaldi (Patsy Parisi) on The Sopranos has a PhD in Data Processing from City University of New York.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;">Peter Weller. In 2013, Weller successfully defended his </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">Ph.D.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"> at </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">UCLA </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">in Italian Renaissance art history titled </span></span><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><i>Alberti Before Florence: Sources Informing “De Pictura"</i>.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;">Shaquille O’Neal: In 2012, the former NBA basketball star defended his Ph.D. in leadership and education from Barry University in Miami Shores, Florida. Title: <i>How Leaders Utilize Humor or Aggression in Leadership Styles.</i></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;">Tennis player Mikhail Youzhny completed his Ph.D. in philosophy from Moscow University in 2010.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;">Former Major League pitcher “Iron Mike” Marshall obtained his Ph.D. in kinesiology from Michigan State University in 1978. His dissertation was entitled, <i>A Comparison of an Estimate of Skeletal Age With Chronological Age When Classifying Adolescent Males for Motor Proficiency Norms.</i></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;">Former quarterback Frank Ryan completed his Ph.D. in mathematics from Rice University in 1964.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;">Rachel Maddow received her Ph.D. in 2001. Maddow’s dissertation focused on AIDS health care reform in prisons.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;">Miuccia Prada (Prada Fashion House) earned her Ph.D. in political science from the University of Milan in 1973.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;">Former US secretary of defense Robert Gates obtained his Ph.D. in Russian and Soviet history at Georgetown University in 1974.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><u>Actors working on a PhD</u>:</span></span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">James Franco is a Ph.D. student in English at Yale University. He also received his MFA from Columbia University in 2010. </span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><u>Actors with Medical Doctor Degrees (M.D.):</u></span></span></div>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ken Jeong (Community, The Hangover), M.D.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Graham Chapman (Monty Python), M.D.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;">Jonathan LaPaglia ("Cold Case"), M.D.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;">Jonathan Miller ("Beyond the Fringe"), M.D. As reported in IMDB, "As well as being a qualified doctor, he is a satirist, sculptor, photographer, author, television presenter, performer, and theatre, opera & film director."</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;">George Miller ("Mad Max", "Babe", "Happy Feet" ), M.D. (Director)</span></li>
</ul>
<u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Actors with an Doctor of Education (Ed.D)</span></u><br />
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In 1976, Bill Cosby earned a Doctor of Education (Ed.D) degree from the University of Massachusetts. For his doctoral research, he wrote a dissertation entitled, "An Integration of the Visual Media Via 'Fat Albert And The Cosby Kids' Into the Elementary School Curriculum as a Teaching Aid and Vehicle to Achieve Increased Learning".</span></li>
</ul>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 16px;">See more here: <a href="http://onlinephdinnursing.com/2010/10-surprising-celebrities-with-phds/">http://onlinephdinnursing.com/2010/10-surprising-celebrities-with-phds/</a></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'helvetica neue', helvetica, arial, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 16px;">Here is a list of <a href="http://stylecaster.com/20-celebrities-ivy-league-educations/?utm_source=zergnet.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=zergnet_59501" target="_blank">celebrities with academic degrees</a> (mostly B.A.s).</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16px;">Here is a list of <a href="http://www.cheapestcolleges.org/10-comedians-who-gained-college-degrees-before-they-made-it-big/" target="_blank">comedians with academic degrees</a> (mostly B.A.s and M.A.s).</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16px;">Here is a list of <a href="http://www.degreequery.com/10-professional-wrestlers-you-never-knew-had-college-degrees/" target="_blank">professional wrestlers with academic degrees</a> (mostly B.A.s).</span></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-68317424124430091782016-01-13T20:03:00.001+11:002016-01-13T20:04:47.238+11:00Do-It-Yourself Gene-Editing Kit for biology education<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRIdTwCFWadKnqf5zBiWuweLGp64Zt5WBtnqFo7mi58mtWIQNrQ2TatRCyxhj4ux5d7IW0WUQ4kUZSX7I5zCTVjQA8JfPfdL-GvOKqFwk7FYOljt6oNSJz_iX8o29WsEXOClmfL1zuxkQ/s1600/CRISPR+kit.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="419" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRIdTwCFWadKnqf5zBiWuweLGp64Zt5WBtnqFo7mi58mtWIQNrQ2TatRCyxhj4ux5d7IW0WUQ4kUZSX7I5zCTVjQA8JfPfdL-GvOKqFwk7FYOljt6oNSJz_iX8o29WsEXOClmfL1zuxkQ/s640/CRISPR+kit.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">CRISPR Kit</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Biophysicist and entrepreneur Josiah Zayner offers a do-it-yourself kit that allows you to cut, past, and string genes from one organism to another - on your kitchen table.<br />
<br />
Moving genes from one organism to another used to be done only by big-budget labs. Three years ago, UC Berkeley developed the CRISPR gene-editing tool. CRISPR stands for 'Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats', which refers to a protein(Cas9) that can use an RNA guide to make highly specific cuts in DNA. This allows unprecedented abilities to edit DNA. Zayer is the first to make the CRISPR tool kit available to the masses.<br />
<br />
The DIY gene-editing kit allows altering bacteria and yeast (which can change color, fragnance, or living requirements). The DIY CRISPR kit is available for 120$: <a href="https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/diy-crispr-kits-learn-modern-science-by-doing#/">https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/diy-crispr-kits-learn-modern-science-by-doing#/</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Read more here: <a href="http://www.sci-tech-today.com/story.xhtml?story_id=030001P2Q1E6">Do-It-Yourself Gene-Editing Kit Transforming Biology | Sci-Tech Today</a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-89117096654735853032015-12-15T01:09:00.000+11:002015-12-15T01:09:32.377+11:00MEL science kit: Combining real and virtual science experiments<span style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.5636px;">This chemistry kit combines hands on experiments with virtual ones (through Google cardboard). See more about the <a href="https://melscience.com/en/" target="_blank">MEL science kit here</a>.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.5636px;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBTWO85zrMhT8TRwpO-SpUo5y59ZgVcUTQqqPYVHDIK9UBL2NQOdIWt3FehrKo4_mCY2rnhb-W7sdH0XDbAeozYJd_nurDtKVW8H_FZhKRTltHtuFRW3SzQzSbaOG5f7PL3WkTPDdncz8/s1600/MEL+starterkit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="375" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBTWO85zrMhT8TRwpO-SpUo5y59ZgVcUTQqqPYVHDIK9UBL2NQOdIWt3FehrKo4_mCY2rnhb-W7sdH0XDbAeozYJd_nurDtKVW8H_FZhKRTltHtuFRW3SzQzSbaOG5f7PL3WkTPDdncz8/s640/MEL+starterkit.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.5636px;"><br /></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-26405312639622096142015-12-15T01:07:00.000+11:002015-12-15T01:07:10.547+11:00On the scientific accuracy of 'The Martian'<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KCxQ3hYHrZk?rel=0" width="560"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-19020351597319890602015-12-03T01:27:00.000+11:002015-12-03T01:27:03.017+11:00Visions of a technology-enhanced futureChinese technology giant Baidu, Samsung, and Microsoft produced interesting conceptual videos of what the near future might look like.<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="281" mozallowfullscreen="" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/135995932" webkitallowfullscreen="" width="500"></iframe> <br />
<span style="color: black;"><a href="https://vimeo.com/135995932">Shih-Ting Hung | Baidu : Beyond Technology</a> from <a href="https://vimeo.com/user2161606">Shih-Ting Hung</a> on <a href="https://vimeo.com/">Vimeo</a>.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/w-tFdreZB94?rel=0" width="560"></iframe><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "merriweather" , "georgia" , serif; line-height: 28.8px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "merriweather" , "georgia" , serif; line-height: 28.8px;">Samsung predicts this kind of future:</span><br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/M0IR40ud0jU?rel=0" width="560"></iframe><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: merriweather, georgia, serif; line-height: 28.8px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: merriweather, georgia, serif; line-height: 28.8px;">The tech companies’ visions share a lot in common, including:</span><br />
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1em;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.5em 0px;">Augmented reality as a part of everyday life</li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1em;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.5em 0px;">Big touchscreen surfaces everywhere</li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1em;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.5em 0px;">Real-time speech and text translation</li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1em;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.5em 0px;">Tablets</li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1em;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.5em 0px;">Remote health monitoring, especially of the elderly</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "merriweather" , "georgia" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 28.8px;">Additionally, it is interesting that some other predictions were not included in the videos, such as self-driving cars, drones, VR headsets (such as Microsoft's HoloLens).</span></span><span style="font-family: "merriweather" , "georgia" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "merriweather" , "georgia" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 28.8px;">You might also be interested in <a href="http://proto-knowledge.blogspot.ch/2012/02/vision-of-classroom-of-future.html" target="_blank">Corning's video of near-future technology</a> and <a href="http://proto-knowledge.blogspot.ch/2011/10/microsoft-vision-of-future-video-2011.html" target="_blank">Microsoft's vision of the future (2011)</a>.</span></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-30783950370492401492015-12-02T23:40:00.000+11:002015-12-03T01:24:21.844+11:00A short history of Santa Claus - from saint to secular<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP7jrQqVxQREO-ghY8A_rgSHaeJM709fzot46Xvhrk-9aRIuA9ne8tDHd3q8P0fGxeMMxJkaJt3yzuiM0J53Kd3btyUZ6jRX1NagnVK_EblgkbO2vLFDHYJ_5nVcRxSZAt5WqEw2tMiB0/s1600/Santa+Claus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP7jrQqVxQREO-ghY8A_rgSHaeJM709fzot46Xvhrk-9aRIuA9ne8tDHd3q8P0fGxeMMxJkaJt3yzuiM0J53Kd3btyUZ6jRX1NagnVK_EblgkbO2vLFDHYJ_5nVcRxSZAt5WqEw2tMiB0/s1600/Santa+Claus.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Santa Claus (Coca Cola version)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Claus" target="_blank">Santa Claus</a> is a complex social-cultural phenomenon that developed over centuries.<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><b><a href="http://www.thehistoryofchristmas.com/sc/saint_nicholas.htm" target="_blank">Historically</a></b>, Santa Claus is based on Bishop Nicholas of Myra who lived from 280-343 a.D. in Greece. He was made a Saint in 900 a.D. His Saints Day is December 6, which is the traditional 'Santa Claus' day in many European countries. St. Nicholas gave money and gifts to children but he did not like to be seen when he gave away presents. Therefore, he left his presents during the night. This turned into the modern day practice of telling children that Santa Claus will not arrive unless the children go to sleep early.</li>
<li><b>Leaving food:</b> The catholic saint was merged with non-christian figures, such as Father Christmas and the Norse god Odin. During Yule time, Odin would visit every house on his horse Sleipnir. Children would place their boots near the chimney (or outside of the door) with food for Sleipnir. During the night, Odin would enter the house through the chimney and <span style="background-color: white; color: #282851;">reward them for their kindness with food, candy or gifts. The tradition still continues in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. The food for Sleipnir became milk and cookies for Santa; the boots become stockings hung on the chimney. </span>Other norse influences are the Yule log and the mistletoe (Read more about the <a href="http://proto-knowledge.blogspot.ch/2010/12/why-do-people-kiss-under-mistletoe.html" target="_blank">mistletoe tradition here</a>). </li>
<li><b>Influences</b>: The modern Santa Claus was most strongly defined by Dutch and <a href="http://www.thehistoryofchristmas.com/sc/american_santa.htm" target="_blank">American influences</a>. In the Netherlands, the figure is called 'Sinterklaas'. Dutch settlers brought the 'Sinterklaas' tradition to the US where the name changed into 'Santa Claus'. After arriving in the US, several poems, songs, and stories extended and changed the figure of Santa Claus. Instead of a horse, he now used reindeer. His workshop was placed at the North Pole, he was given an army of elves, and a wife (Mrs Claus was added by a 1956 popular song by George Melachrino, "Mrs. Santa Claus", and the 1963 children's book How Mrs. Santa Claus Saved Christmas, by Phyllis McGinley). </li>
<li><b>Animals</b>: In Europe, Santa Claus uses either horse, a donkey, or reindeer. In the US, his animals changed, most importantly due to the 1823 story "A Vist From St. Nicholas", better known today as "The Night Before Christmas". In this poem eight reindeer were introduced as Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Dunder and Blixem (Dunder and Blixem came from the old Dutch words for thunder and lightning, which were later changed to the more German sounding Donner and Blitzen). The ninth, and most famous reindeer, was not added until 1939 by a poem about Rudolf the Red Nose Reindeer by Robert L. May of the Montgomery Ward Company; followed by the popular 1949 song by Johnny Marks about "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer".</li>
<li><b>Helpers</b>: The European 'Sinterklaas' or 'Samichlaus' has often a helper called 'Black Peter/ Père Fouettard'. While Santa is the friendly gift-giver, Black Peter's job is to punish children who did not behave well. Similar to Black Peter, several European Alpine regions know a devil-like creature called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krampus" target="_blank">Krampus</a> who punishes naughty children. In Germany, Santa is linked to angel-like baby Jesus ('Christ Child') who brings gifts. The German word 'Kristkind' became Santa Claus' name 'Kris Kringle'. In the US tradition, Santa has a workshop full of elves who make all the gifts. However, in several Scandiavian countries, Santa is an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomte" target="_blank">elf himself</a> (called Nisse or Tomte).</li>
<li><b>Outfit</b>: In many European countries, Santa Claus wears a Bishop's attire. In the US, his religious looks were changed to a more secular apparel (a fur-lined red suit and a soft hat). Santa's outfit became standardized through the 1920s and firmly established through the work of Coca-Cola Company commissioned illustrator Haddon Sundblom who developed advertising images using Santa Claus in 1930.</li>
</ul>
<div>
Santa Claus can therefore be considered a product of cultural globalization and a merger of many traditions.</div>
<br />
<div class="visually_embed">
<img alt="The Origin and Evolution of Santa Claus" class="visually_embed_infographic" src="http://visual.ly/node/image/5463?_w=540" /><br />
<div class="visually_embed_cycle">
by <a href="http://degreesearch.org/blog?utm_source=visually_embed" target="_blank">herrimanjoe</a>. From <a href="http://visual.ly/?utm_source=content-embed&utm_medium=embed">Visually</a>.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0O294QNtHfgrIuuTbAte0OLGVmWOUJ69db56uob2WUVfe9rZFQf-x9Ukb8m1NpYL2mac0n1HK3vYtQDDLw1UGQraCH1W9ijYh1ZV6_qHpVsLkpYrbqnFs5nUE26QOkR_iCwltzzgXkvo/s1600/Santa+Claus+around+the+world.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0O294QNtHfgrIuuTbAte0OLGVmWOUJ69db56uob2WUVfe9rZFQf-x9Ukb8m1NpYL2mac0n1HK3vYtQDDLw1UGQraCH1W9ijYh1ZV6_qHpVsLkpYrbqnFs5nUE26QOkR_iCwltzzgXkvo/s1600/Santa+Claus+around+the+world.jpg" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-11921721765579238662015-11-07T00:23:00.001+11:002015-11-07T00:23:49.979+11:00Children reacting to pre-GUI computers<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/PF7EpEnglgk" width="480"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-17242138761762709712015-11-06T12:31:00.000+11:002015-11-06T23:06:17.129+11:00Augmented reality for vocational education and practiceGoogle announced that one area of application for Glass will be vocational education/practice (<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/08/technology/google-begins-a-push-to-take-glass-to-work.html?_r=1" target="_blank">NY Times article</a>). Google Glass could be used to access information in the field (hands-free, voice controlled), for example checklists or patient information, and streamline communication. Such applications could be useful for on-the-job training by showing handbook information and tutorial videos as needed.<br />
The company <a href="http://wearableintelligence.com/" target="_blank">Wearable Intelligence</a> developed two Glass applications, one for healthcare and one for pipeline maintenance.
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/jnEdaslPtEg" width="560"></iframe>
<br />
Here is the pipeline maintenance video:
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lkH88TTgt6A?rel=0" width="560"></iframe>
<br />
Another company, <a href="http://daqri.com/" target="_blank">Daqri</a>, is proposing a helmet with integrated augmented realty functionality - particularly for industrial workplaces.
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/qIU456jtkmw?rel=0" width="560"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-8514360326086576432015-10-26T20:44:00.001+11:002015-11-02T09:36:50.461+11:00EPCOT: The smart city of the future that (sadly) remained a vision<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimnBvNktDJrNuY6XB_had55ck79JB_7XyWQZHzfaa_P7YrCLctbE6bQ8CP1xM3-DrcrFh5TYxlch5PL2fdASUFyoyQXUkOcaKbkX9fBJQUXNVLlDAubnCKIKwi7qigt-3fjHo6iKGG7TA/s1600/Epcot+aerial+view.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="508" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimnBvNktDJrNuY6XB_had55ck79JB_7XyWQZHzfaa_P7YrCLctbE6bQ8CP1xM3-DrcrFh5TYxlch5PL2fdASUFyoyQXUkOcaKbkX9fBJQUXNVLlDAubnCKIKwi7qigt-3fjHo6iKGG7TA/s640/Epcot+aerial+view.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">E.P.C.O.T aerial view<br />
[<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/theoriginalepcot/conceptual-drawings" target="_blank">Image Source</a>]</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In 1965, Walt Disney had a vision: To build the city of the future that would highlight the best of city planning and serve as a living laboratory for U.S. technology companies. Disney called this utopian city E.P.C.O.T. - the Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow. [<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/theoriginalepcot/" target="_blank">More information here</a>].<br />
<br />
This video explains Disney's vision for E.P.C.O.T. in his own words.:<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/sLCHg9mUBag?rel=0" width="420"></iframe>
<br />
Unfortunately, Disney didn't live to see E.P.C.O.T. becoming realty. After his death, his visionary plans were changed drastically. Today, E.P.C.O.T. can be seen in two forms:<br />
<br />
1) As a themepark: The Epcot park (as part of Disneyworld in Florida) is a combination of science and technology-themed rides and a permanent world fair. This park is called Epcot (without the meaning of the acronym) and opened in 1982. Rather then a living city where innovations are being tested in real-life, Epcot features rides showcasing technology and science.<br />
<br />
2) In the 1990s, Disney's plans to create the 'perfect' town took on another form. The sub-urban part of E.P.C.O.T. became a city in itself - called '<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebration,_Florida" target="_blank">Celebration</a>' (Florida). Designed by the Disney corporation, Celebration is a master-plan city in an early 20th-century architectural style. Today, Celebration has a population of around 7'500. Instead of the futuristic urban vision of E.P.C.O.T, Celebration aims to be the 'ideal' middle and upper-class sub-urban town. However, this utopia is <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/f/frantz-celebration.html" target="_blank">strictly regulated</a> (similar to the artificially-created experience in a Disney themepark).<br />
<br />
E.P.C.O.T could be considered a precursor to the current trend of 'smart cities'. Smart cities incorporate networked technology in all aspects of live in an attempt to make cities more efficient, cleaner, and safer. An example of a smart city is <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/09/songdo-south-korea-the-city-of-the-future/380849/" target="_blank">Songdo City</a> in South Korea, the self-proclaimed 'most modern city in the world'. By 2020, more than 250'000 people are expected to live in Songdo Eco-City.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2tJOkAcFnqcjE2kcOsPIrWTe3BJjCjJ2C1gVameoy0OWj3E53g7KXhaHJACzWSXWNr8yh2_g4otmX6pCIQ2u3Li6g2gLURvEfvkufnTRu80AuSdk9gVfhTMnF3Iq3GbS5NWdWfp8awNk/s1600/songdo+city.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="378" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2tJOkAcFnqcjE2kcOsPIrWTe3BJjCjJ2C1gVameoy0OWj3E53g7KXhaHJACzWSXWNr8yh2_g4otmX6pCIQ2u3Li6g2gLURvEfvkufnTRu80AuSdk9gVfhTMnF3Iq3GbS5NWdWfp8awNk/s640/songdo+city.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Songodo City<br />[Image source: http://inhabitat.com]</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Another example of a smart city is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masdar_City" target="_blank">Masdar City</a> in Abu Dhabi (in the United Arab Emirates). The first phase of the city is expected to be completed in 2015. Final completion is scheduled to occur between 2020 and 2025. About 50'000 people are expected to live in the planned city. Masdar City has a strong focus on solar energy and other renewable energy sources.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhseyDI_A3D2QIIq82glXL4L-PJoNSFh0UWgKxoNFQHtyOpL622vbytM-rBlT-AmlN1p0uzWP5NOhA5Ug5NrxFb4WtSpKfYPRFjT8x61C_RA2fdyh8yx-7H_pJKiYa_REv1jw0TXVAXuMI/s1600/masdar+city.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="414" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhseyDI_A3D2QIIq82glXL4L-PJoNSFh0UWgKxoNFQHtyOpL622vbytM-rBlT-AmlN1p0uzWP5NOhA5Ug5NrxFb4WtSpKfYPRFjT8x61C_RA2fdyh8yx-7H_pJKiYa_REv1jw0TXVAXuMI/s640/masdar+city.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Masdar City<br />[Image source: http://imageshack.com]</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-36719831542435845402015-09-29T17:31:00.001+10:002015-09-29T17:31:03.270+10:00Technology addictionThis video illustrates the current addiction with mobile phones.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/OINa46HeWg8" width="480"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-53264099650627078672015-09-25T01:26:00.001+10:002015-09-25T01:28:40.038+10:00Overview of theories of learning/ theories of education<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWhQp3xQEFykJDJKlomotPeMtLczZIORWUuPAwqHPgTMTds0DnY3R_V5ACVUZGhOzts25o6pIAKEv-xPvt-5vq7tjTNK6TV_fRT6ocMhYnXb-PYMbuX2rmzQHC_XCFhimQVj9kwEO3zC0/s1600/Education+Research+Overview+TheBrain.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWhQp3xQEFykJDJKlomotPeMtLczZIORWUuPAwqHPgTMTds0DnY3R_V5ACVUZGhOzts25o6pIAKEv-xPvt-5vq7tjTNK6TV_fRT6ocMhYnXb-PYMbuX2rmzQHC_XCFhimQVj9kwEO3zC0/s1600/Education+Research+Overview+TheBrain.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
Philosophy, education research, psychology, and neuroscience offer many different theories to describe 'learning'. In general, learning theories can be categorized into six major groups:<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9-yObsgfAfHfD4jluAV_XkzIkONsWM6JB7fTHU7VvjR6n8ZCtTdrX2kff_wqwhlg2jXmr7h5TueZwA8S2gfaB3BO3oiVcJF3JP5tligFhrEqOuTpRaj7gS2Mo5yKk5zuFB6RhrX4eBes/s1600/General+Theoretical+Perspectives+of+Learning+%2528Paradigms%2529+Overview2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9-yObsgfAfHfD4jluAV_XkzIkONsWM6JB7fTHU7VvjR6n8ZCtTdrX2kff_wqwhlg2jXmr7h5TueZwA8S2gfaB3BO3oiVcJF3JP5tligFhrEqOuTpRaj7gS2Mo5yKk5zuFB6RhrX4eBes/s640/General+Theoretical+Perspectives+of+Learning+%2528Paradigms%2529+Overview2.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Six major perspectives of learning</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Each category includes different frameworks and educational concepts. Here is a small selection:<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqJTCSi26su7gCH2_cQDxhsEW9VpLTu_NNRk78BdpI9KE5fUeawLMStspeiQRZ3qLNMcxkoy_m5zkl8gQZHBC94s7n7yS1Ny8qrTjdCFaWTbauivlpEIRC6lExXSdQGNbv5jmgrB9-msY/s1600/General+Theoretical+Perspectives+of+Learning+%2528Paradigms%25293.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqJTCSi26su7gCH2_cQDxhsEW9VpLTu_NNRk78BdpI9KE5fUeawLMStspeiQRZ3qLNMcxkoy_m5zkl8gQZHBC94s7n7yS1Ny8qrTjdCFaWTbauivlpEIRC6lExXSdQGNbv5jmgrB9-msY/s640/General+Theoretical+Perspectives+of+Learning+%2528Paradigms%25293.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Expanded view of the six perspectives of learning [Click to enlarge]</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The two diagrams above are a small part of a much larger diagram. To capture some of the complex relations between different theories of education and philosophical views, I created a dynamic knowledge visualization of main education theories and concepts using the dynamic mindmap tool <a href="http://www.thebrain.com/">TheBrain</a> (one of my favorite tools). My mindmap includes major theories of education and education research methods.<br />
<br />
This mindmap is ongoing work in progress. Your feedback and suggestions are welcome.<br />
<br />
To navigate the dynamic mindmap below, just click on a term and it will move to the center - showing related concepts. You can also search for terms in the textbox at the bottom.<br />
<br />
<iframe src="http://webbrain.com/brainpage/brain/1E38FF3A-F600-17F4-7F2B-E2F8F111C008#-850" style="height: 600px; width: 600px;"></iframe><br />
See this mindmap on the <a href="http://webbrain.com/brainpage/brain/1E38FF3A-F600-17F4-7F2B-E2F8F111C008#-850/">webbrain.com website</a> (where you can find other interesting mindmaps).<br />
<br />
Another attempt to present an overview of theories of education was created by the <a href="http://hotel-project.eu/content/learning-theories-map-richard-millwood" target="_blank">HoTEL project (Holistic Approach to technology-enhanced learning)</a> [Visit their website to download an interactive version of their diagram).<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqPQZad_8r2jlVHkI202CHdIrlDPcq5UGd5ZSF78cIZLQBVi8iuL0K3iWtJiLNuk9PGhTAN8horT-fLkiK2VgQZsj5voXP57Q9vO0YgqDFT9NTvGx7eATuMspEts8GG8qeTD75ITd0vH8/s1600/Learning+Theory+Diagram+%2528HoTEL%2529.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqPQZad_8r2jlVHkI202CHdIrlDPcq5UGd5ZSF78cIZLQBVi8iuL0K3iWtJiLNuk9PGhTAN8horT-fLkiK2VgQZsj5voXP57Q9vO0YgqDFT9NTvGx7eATuMspEts8GG8qeTD75ITd0vH8/s640/Learning+Theory+Diagram+%2528HoTEL%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-79801037174150982522015-09-23T04:33:00.000+10:002015-10-01T00:56:03.488+10:00Tools to visualize connections between academic publicationsAcademic researchers publish a lot of papers. <a href="http://www.stm-assoc.org/2012_12_11_STM_Report_2012.pdf" target="_blank">One estimate</a> puts the count at 1.8 million articles published each year, in about 28,000 journals (in 2012). The challenge is to make sense of all these publications.<br />
<br />
With the raise of visualization tools, <a href="http://ask.metafilter.com/144889/Academic-citations-in-a-visual-arrangement" target="_blank">one would expect</a> that there are some great tools out there that provide researchers with easy to use visualizations of how papers and authors are connected.<br />
<br />
I distinguish between three different types of visualization tools: <b>Impact factor, co-authors, and citations</b>. Unfortunately, there currently seems to be no tool available that combines all three.<br />
<br />
<b>1. Tools to visualize the<u> impact factor</u> of a journal (impact factor diagrams)</b><br />
<a href="http://www.eigenfactor.org/motion/" target="_blank">Eigenfactor</a> [free] offers dynamic graphs of the impact factor of journal by field. One can choose the field of interest, e.g. chemistry, education, or physics. The dynamic graph shows the journals with the highest impact factors on a timeline from 1997 to the present (slider below the graph). Eigenfactor is an academic research project co-founded by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom and sponsored by the Bergstrom Lab in the Department of Biology at the University of Washington.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJDf8-ElHmVcU3g-kiHk7RbKirM6ezQHZQjLGGMz3BRYIxgkuYrF5OYs6VgHSW27mxztFnQmhyao1zhWv3Q6QbPoUoBot84r_npTRxeK9SQE2wSEnMviWV1GoyvGKVZcC8bJ9ce-_OxZU/s1600/Eigenfactor.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJDf8-ElHmVcU3g-kiHk7RbKirM6ezQHZQjLGGMz3BRYIxgkuYrF5OYs6VgHSW27mxztFnQmhyao1zhWv3Q6QbPoUoBot84r_npTRxeK9SQE2wSEnMviWV1GoyvGKVZcC8bJ9ce-_OxZU/s1600/Eigenfactor.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Eigenfactor 'motion graphs' show the impact factor of journals (on a timeline)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>2. Tools to visualize the <u>relations between co-authors</u> (co-author mapping)</b><br />
Do you want to see which researchers published together as co-authors? The <a href="http://academic.research.microsoft.com/VisualExplorer" target="_blank">'Visual Explorer' of Microsoft Academic Search</a> [free] focuses on the relations between people. After selecting a certain author, one can choose 'co-author path' in the left hand menu. The dynamically generated diagram show the co-authors of this researcher ('co-author graph'), how this researcher is connected to another researcher ('co-author path' - similar to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Degrees_of_Kevin_Bacon" target="_blank">Six degrees of Kevin Bacon index</a>), and who cited this researcher ('citation graph').<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHAh-I4UXo2U39HA9ly8G8PAoxLtZebw_CbV1IFtdWpBZSo56QaPtuqccufEQ5Mo43yzf2JGm6HyXD45L1T-skPnRMp8_Nsao2nenRk_HHZFPNW9oredosdKQ9WctG3VRstBSvnyBBQoM/s1600/Co-author+graph.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHAh-I4UXo2U39HA9ly8G8PAoxLtZebw_CbV1IFtdWpBZSo56QaPtuqccufEQ5Mo43yzf2JGm6HyXD45L1T-skPnRMp8_Nsao2nenRk_HHZFPNW9oredosdKQ9WctG3VRstBSvnyBBQoM/s1600/Co-author+graph.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The 'Visual Explorer' by Microsoft Academic search shows relations between co-authors</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>3. Tools that visualize the citations between papers (citation mapping)</b><br />
Do you want to know which papers cited a certain publication (forward mapping)? Do you want to see which papers were cited by a publication? <a href="http://papercube.peterbergstrom.com/" target="_blank">Papercube</a> [free] provides a visual navigation of academic citation networks. The data is a static snapshot of the CiteSeer digital library from 2004. The tools only serves to demonstrate the features but is unfortunately no longer updated.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieJEopiukvBQODUYm8KGm4ElJP5AjyhI_6B_KUvyoibU-FQ1YSXyHXJGcEbtmnkCsiNt-AyYGl0eWHhNwQ92X52bgigLVZo51-5CfcgyvFvKK4conZoloD7JU6YFQTrOFQAm59ituBCu4/s1600/Papercube.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieJEopiukvBQODUYm8KGm4ElJP5AjyhI_6B_KUvyoibU-FQ1YSXyHXJGcEbtmnkCsiNt-AyYGl0eWHhNwQ92X52bgigLVZo51-5CfcgyvFvKK4conZoloD7JU6YFQTrOFQAm59ituBCu4/s1600/Papercube.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Papercube shows academic citation networks (based on 2004 data)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Another tool to visualize citation networks is the <a href="http://cm.webofknowledge.com/viewCitationTree.do" target="_blank">Web of Science citation graph</a> [paid through libraries]. This tool generates a dynamic graph of citations (forward and backwards). One can click on a specific publication to see details and to re-center the diagram.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjazXPX-Sq3zD5N0p1K9Vy9Yt4wH_YETE2XtHGWF6xHSEbB49IS1wrOag7XUhcn4rlaCkAMh0FeZzrGwKrAhK9pGNjAsLcj8jXd20UiUx58NV-z2cF2lUG-3bXyfzxlWnmZOPNVcBwoILQ/s1600/WoS+diagram.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjazXPX-Sq3zD5N0p1K9Vy9Yt4wH_YETE2XtHGWF6xHSEbB49IS1wrOag7XUhcn4rlaCkAMh0FeZzrGwKrAhK9pGNjAsLcj8jXd20UiUx58NV-z2cF2lUG-3bXyfzxlWnmZOPNVcBwoILQ/s1600/WoS+diagram.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Web of Science citation graph</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The <a href="http://www.vosviewer.com/Home" target="_blank">VOSviewer</a> (which stands for 'visualizing scientific landscapes) is a free stand-alone tool developed by Leiden University. The VOSviewer tool can be used for constructing and visualizing bibliometric networks. These networks may for instance include journals, researchers, or individual publications, and they can be constructed based on co-citation, bibliographic coupling, or co-authorship relations. Reference lists can be imported from Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi033UXJfLSYXK5_OITLYi5qla7heoOHke1wQ2OjI9U2JHe2CY9WR_aDZniPTXajuyuLnpC-Kg5fdUzFm3nwuFg-22G-7HqUFjHX35qw4BaSjwPTVhz2G05hgS1Yjq2kekOEssU71AB2mg/s1600/VOSviewer.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi033UXJfLSYXK5_OITLYi5qla7heoOHke1wQ2OjI9U2JHe2CY9WR_aDZniPTXajuyuLnpC-Kg5fdUzFm3nwuFg-22G-7HqUFjHX35qw4BaSjwPTVhz2G05hgS1Yjq2kekOEssU71AB2mg/s320/VOSviewer.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">VOSviewer</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="http://sci2s.ugr.es/scimat/index.html" target="_blank">SciMAT</a> (developed by the University of Granada, Spain) is an open source (GPLv3) software tool developed to perform a science mapping analysis under a longitudinal framework. SciMAT allows to conduct co-word, author co-citation, journal co-citation, author co-citation, bibliographic coupling, journal bibliographic coupling and author bibliographic coupling.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi73swroBccK8MgvEH7cGITkrHZOHlHHowWO2J02MGh1NScBjOZ2SGJSS1Jd8uqAgvepXCBegp547jedr8uTSCsTSphuCn1W-1dgZi-Hh-HMbtsqF0DdW-enpK2Ffugz2y0CsPS2JAzP0/s1600/SciMAT.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi73swroBccK8MgvEH7cGITkrHZOHlHHowWO2J02MGh1NScBjOZ2SGJSS1Jd8uqAgvepXCBegp547jedr8uTSCsTSphuCn1W-1dgZi-Hh-HMbtsqF0DdW-enpK2Ffugz2y0CsPS2JAzP0/s320/SciMAT.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">SciMAT</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
A list<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> of other software for mapping scientific publications:</span><br />
<ul style="background-color: #f8f8f8; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;">
<li><a href="http://www.umu.se/inforsk/Bibexcel/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: black; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Bibexcel</span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: #f8f8f8; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;">
<li><a href="http://cluster.cis.drexel.edu/~cchen/citespace/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: black; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">CiteSpace</span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: #f8f8f8; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;">
<li><a href="http://ec3.ugr.es/copalred/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: black; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">CoPalRed</span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: #f8f8f8; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;">
<li><a href="http://in-spire.pnl.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: black; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">IN-SPIRE</span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: #f8f8f8; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;">
<li><a href="http://www.leydesdorff.net/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: black; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Loet Leydesdorff’s software</span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: #f8f8f8; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;">
<li><a href="http://nwb.slis.indiana.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: black; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">NetworkWorkbench Tool</span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: #f8f8f8; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="color: black; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://sci.slis.indiana.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Science of Science Tool</a> (Sci2)</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: #f8f8f8; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;">
<li><a href="http://www.thevantagepoint.com/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: black; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">VantagePoint</span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 12px 20px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 12px 20px; padding: 0px;"><strong>Pajek Wiki <em style="color: #336699; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://pajek.imfm.si/" style="color: #336699; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://pajek.imfm.si</a></em></strong></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 12px 20px; padding: 0px;"><strong>OSviewer <a href="http://www.vosviewer.com/" style="color: #336699; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><em>www.vosviewer.com</em></a></strong></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 12px 20px; padding: 0px;"><strong>NodeXL <a href="http://nodexl.codeplex.com/" style="color: #336699; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><em>http://nodexl.codeplex.com</em></a></strong></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 12px 20px; padding: 0px;"><strong>NetDraw <a href="http://sites.google.com/site/netdrawsoftware" style="color: #336699; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><em>http://sites.google.com/site/netdrawsoftware</em></a></strong></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 12px 20px; padding: 0px;"><strong>Cytoscape <a href="http://www.cytoscape.org/" style="color: #336699; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><em>www.cytoscape.org</em></a></strong></li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Given the advances in data analytics,</span> it is surprising (and disappointing) that there are no better designed tools for academics to explore and discover connections between publications.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-55295639455854201532015-09-02T18:33:00.000+10:002015-09-02T18:33:00.798+10:00Celebrating a ResearchGate milestone<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrCttrctrZ8pqcjkbevLU0SWvTvC0roFoYiKWzTFQXwupvCq0sygYedPe7vO61NN1wUCFDMRpDK-LwbCHRN5d2hxPvNPVNPUqXIjYIE_uQda1i_S2rTkYDfg6SEdiyJ8wIBFmd5GPIucs/s1600/ResearchGateMilestone.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="370" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrCttrctrZ8pqcjkbevLU0SWvTvC0roFoYiKWzTFQXwupvCq0sygYedPe7vO61NN1wUCFDMRpDK-LwbCHRN5d2hxPvNPVNPUqXIjYIE_uQda1i_S2rTkYDfg6SEdiyJ8wIBFmd5GPIucs/s640/ResearchGateMilestone.tiff" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7299948195765163705.post-51615583878596105802015-08-22T20:39:00.000+10:002015-08-22T20:39:23.095+10:00A history of knowledge visualizationData visualization researcher Manuel Lima presents an overview of the history of visualizing data, information, and knowledge.<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" mozallowfullscreen="" scrolling="no" src="https://embed-ssl.ted.com/talks/manuel_lima_a_visual_history_of_human_knowledge.html" webkitallowfullscreen="" width="640"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03077260171699038035noreply@blogger.com0